Quick answer
Fades discolorations by interrupting pathways in skin that trigger uneven tone; Beneficial for reducing dark spots and brown/gray patches; Rivals the results of over-the-counter concentrations of hydroquinone; May also help reduce skin redness; Works most effectively in formulas with oil-soluble ingredients designed to improve its penetration into skin Key benefits: Dark Spot Fading, Evens Skin Tone, Anti-Aging.
Tranexamic Acid
Updated
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)-, trans-
Purpose
Discoloration-fading ingredient that interrupts multiple pathways in skin that would otherwise lead to uneven tone. Excellent for dark spots and brown/gray patches.
Rating
BEST
Category
Humectant
INCI Purpose
ASTRINGENT, SKIN CONDITIONING
Benefits
Alternative Names
At a Glance
Fades discolorations by interrupting pathways in skin that trigger uneven tone
Beneficial for reducing dark spots and brown/gray patches
Rivals the results of over-the-counter concentrations of hydroquinone
May also help reduce skin redness
Works most effectively in formulas with oil-soluble ingredients designed to improve its penetration into skin
Article
Tranexamic acid is a synthetic amino acid derived from lysine. Topically applied, it works by interrupting at least two pathways in skin that if left unchecked can lead to discolorations (e.g. dark spots, brown/gray patches). It is even suitable for melasma-prone skin. Tranexamic acid also appears to work within skin’s surface layers to make it less susceptible to UV light exposure, which ultimately helps skin retain its youthful appearance (though of course, sunscreen is still necessary for adequate protection).
Double-blind and comparative research has shown that topical tranexamic acid in amounts between 2-5% rivals the results of over-the-counter concentrations of hydroquinone, long considered the gold standard for fading skin discolorations. Comparative studies also indicate tranexamic acid has greater tolerability than hydroquinone.
Studies show consistent application of tranexamic acid is safe, and with topical concentrations between 2-5%, results typically show after two to three months of consistent use. Research also shows tranexamic acid may help reduce certain types of sensitivity-induced redness in skin.
Note: Because tranexamic acid is a water-soluble ingredient, it works best in skin care products with oil-soluble ingredients (such as tocopherol or plant oils) designed to improve its penetration into skin.
A new derivative of tranexamic acid known as cetyl tranexamate mesylate also shows promise for a reducing dark spots and redness. However, more research is needed before this can be assessed as thoroughly as tranexamic acid.
It’s worth mentioning that tranexamic acid is sometimes prescribed for oral use in low doses to manage signs of melasma.
References