-
Estimated level
- 2.5–5%
-
Confidence
- High — bounded by a regulatory limit
-
Roles
-
UV filter
1st on the list. Regulation caps it at 5%, so it is present at roughly 2.5–5%.
1-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, February 2021, pages 189–244; and January 2019, pages 198–207
- JAMA, January 2020, pages 256–267
- Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, December 2014, pages 35-43
- Household and Personal Care Today, March/April 2014, pages 4-8
- Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2014, pages 36–40
- Indian Journal of Dermatology, September/October 2012, pages 335-342
-
Estimated level
- 3.67–7.34%
-
Confidence
- High — bounded by a regulatory limit
-
Roles
-
UV filter
2nd on the list. Regulation caps it at 7.34%, so it is present at roughly 3.67–7.34%.
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, July 2020, pages 15, 509–15, 519
- Frontiers in Medicine, September 2019, ePublication
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, April 2019, pages 246–252
- Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, April 2019, pages 1, 556–1, 564
- Journal of Clinical Aesthetic Dermatology, 2013, pages 16-26
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2013, page 867
-
Estimated level
- 2.5–5%
-
Confidence
- High — bounded by a regulatory limit
-
Roles
-
UV filter
3rd on the list. Regulation caps it at 5%, so it is present at roughly 2.5–5%.
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate
Anti-Aging
7 scientific references
- JAMA, January 2020, ePublication
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, June 2019, pages 1-60
- Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, June 2019, pages 1, 556–1, 564
- Catalysts, November 2017, ePublication
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, June 2005, pages 937–956
- Skin Pharmacology and Applied Physiology, January-February 2003, pages 28–35
- International Journal of Toxicology, 2003, pages 1–108
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
4th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Aqua (EU),Deionized Water,Distilled Water,Micromatrix Fractile AN,Onsen-Sui (JPN),Purified Water
Hydration
3 scientific references
- Skin Research and Technology, May 2015, pages 131-136
- Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, November-December 1999, pages 344-351
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, September-October 1993, pages 249-262
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Texture agent, Solvent
5th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Butane-1,3-diol (CAS No. 107-88-0/ EC No. 203-529-7)
(R)-(-)-butane-1,3-diol” (CAS No. 6290-03-5/ EC No. 228-532-0)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- US Food and Drug Administration Code of Federal Regulations</em>, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2011, pages 5S-16S
- Skin Research and Technology, November 2007, pages 417-24
- Journal of the American College of Toxicology, September 1985, pages 223-248
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Texture agent
6th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
2-propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with ethyl 2-propenoate and methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Hydration
Synthetic polymer
3 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed October 2021, ePublication
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, January 2019, pages 1-42
- Swiss Society of Chemists, September 2015, ePublication
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
7th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Phenol, 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-Dodecyl-4-Methyl-, Branched and Linear
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent, Solvent, Preservative
8th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Alcohol Denat. is ethyl alcohol that is denatured with one or more denaturing agents in accordance with the national legislation of each European Community (EU) country.
Alcohol
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
9th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2-ethanediyl ester, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
10th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane
Hydration
4 scientific references
- https://thedermreviewcom/pentylene-glycol/
- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, July 2017, pages 106-111
- Prospector, June 2015, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, October 2012, pages 147S-168S
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant, Texture agent
11th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Hexadecan-1-ol
Hydration
3 scientific references
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, December 2012, Issue 34, Volume 6, pages 567-74
- http://wwwcir-safetyorg/sites/default/files/115_buff3a_supplpdf
- https://pubchemncbinlmnihgov/compound/1-Hexadecanol
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
12th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
13th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ethanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-,p-Hydroxyacetophenone
Anti-Aging
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Journal of Oleo Science, February 2019, pages 183-191
- Applied Environmental Microbiology, June 2018, ePublication
- Journal of Biosciences, May-June 2004, pages 345-353
- Scientific Reports, April 2021, pages 1–7
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Texture agent
14th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Silane, dichlorodimethyl-, reaction products with silica
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Texture agent
15th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Propenoic acid, homopolymer
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
16th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Chamaecyparis Obtusa Oil is the oil expressed from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cupressaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
pH adjuster
17th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,3-Propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
18th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer is a copolymer of ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate and vinylpyrrolidone monomers
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Occlusive, Texture agent
19th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Bis-Stearyl Ethylenediamine/Neopentyl Glycol/Stearyl Hydrogenated Dimer Dilinoleate Copolymer
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Surfactant, Texture agent
20th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl methyl ether
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
21st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,2-Butanediol, diesters with octanoic and decanoic acids
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
22nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Stearoxy Ether is the reaction product of stearyl glycidyl ether and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
23rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Oil is the essential oil obtained from the flowering tops and leaves of the Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lamiaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant, Texture agent
24th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Xanthan gum
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
25th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Cynanchum Atratum Extract is the extract of the whole plant Cynanchum atratum, Apocynaceae.
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
26th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, 2,2-bis[[3-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropoxy] methyl]-1,3-propanediyl ester
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
27th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,2-Propanediol, 3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- PLoS One, October 2016, ePublication
- Contact Dermatitis, May 2016, pages 281-288
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2013, pages 5S-21S
- Personal Care, 2008, pages 1-4
- Cosmetic Science Technology, 2006, pages 1-11
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
28th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Althaea Rosea Flower Extract is the extract of the flowers of the hollyhock, Althaea rosea, Malvaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Antioxidant, pH adjuster
29th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ascorbic acid
Anti-Aging
Dark Spot Fading
Evens Skin Tone
12 scientific references
- Drug Delivery, February 2021, pages 445-453
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, December 2020, pages 3, 262-3, 269
- Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, May-August 2020, pages 374-382
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, March 2020, pages 671-676
- Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, July 2017 pages 14-17
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, July 2016, pages 863-867
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, September 2015, pages 463-470
- Indian Dermatology Online Journal, April-June 2013, pages 143-146
- AAPS PharmSciTech, July 2011, pages 917-923
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, July 2008, Supplement, pages s2-s6
- International Journal of Toxicology, Supplement 2, March 2005, pages 51-111
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, July-August 2004, pages 200-206
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Antioxidant
30th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
Anti-Aging
Dark Spot Fading
Evens Skin Tone
11 scientific references
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, December 2020 Supplement, page AB192
- Nanomaterials, August 2020, pages 1-13
- Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, May-August 2020, pages 374-382
- Genes, February 2020, ePublication
- Cosmetics, October 2019, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2019, pages 378-386
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics, May 2019, pages 21-29
- Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology, December 2018, pages 599-607
- Nutrients, August 2017, pages 1-27
- Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, January-March 2013, pages 4-11
- Skin Research and Technology, May 2006, pages 105-113
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active
31st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Niacinamide (vitamin B3) is a gentle skincare active that repairs the skin barrier, calms redness, controls oil and evens tone at 2–5%. Official IUPAC name: **3-Pyridinecarboxamide**
Soothing
Anti-Aging
Pore Minimizer
15 scientific references
- International Journal of Dermatology, February 2021, pages 166-173
- Biomolecules & Therapeutics, July 2019, pages 562-569
- Experimental Dermatology, February 2019, pages 15-22
- Dermatologic Therapy, September 2017, ePublication
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, May 2017, page S116
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics, March 2017, pages 158-162
- Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, May 2016, pages 145-152
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, July 2015, pages 405-412
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, June 2014, pages 311-315
- International Journal of Pharmacy, January 2013, pages 192-201
- Dermatoendrocrinology, July 2012, pages 308-319
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2005, pages 1-31
- Dermatologic Surgery, July 2005, pages 860-865
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, October 2004, pages 231-238
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, April 2004, pages 88-93
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Active
32nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hyaluronic acid
Anti-Aging
Hydration
5 scientific references
- Journal of Evidence-Based, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, October 2017, pages 816-823
- Journal of Medicinal Food, October 2016, pages 1, 172-1, 179
- Nutrition Journal, July 2013, ePublication
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2011, issue 9, pages 990-1000
- Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, March 2009, pages 38-43
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Active
33rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is the hydrolysate of Hyaluronic Acid derived by acid, enzyme or other method of hydrolysis
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
34th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Collagen Extract is an oil-soluble extract of Collagen
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Active
35th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hyaluronic acid, sodium, salt
Hydration
Anti-Aging
Soothing
5 scientific references
- Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und Verwandte Gebiete, December 2017, pages 987-993
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, July 2014, pages 277-287
- Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, October 2012, pages 20-23
- DermatoEndocrinology, July-December 2012, pages 253-258
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, September 2011, pages 990-1000