-
Estimated level
- 3.67–7.34%
-
Confidence
- High — bounded by a regulatory limit
-
Roles
-
UV filter
1st on the list. Regulation caps it at 7.34%, so it is present at roughly 3.67–7.34%.
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, July 2020, pages 15, 509–15, 519
- Frontiers in Medicine, September 2019, ePublication
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, April 2019, pages 246–252
- Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, April 2019, pages 1, 556–1, 564
- Journal of Clinical Aesthetic Dermatology, 2013, pages 16-26
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2013, page 867
-
Estimated level
- 5–10%
-
Confidence
- High — bounded by a regulatory limit
-
Roles
-
UV filter
2nd on the list. Regulation caps it at 10%, so it is present at roughly 5–10%.
2-Cyano-3,3-Diphenyl Acrylic Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester
Anti-Aging
5 scientific references
- Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Supplement 7, November 2019, pages 25–33
- Environment International, November 2019, ePublication
- Pharmaceutics, May 2017, pages 1–24
- Contact Dermatitis, January 2018, pages 224–225; April 2014, pages 193-204; and January 2003, pages 46-47
- Quimica Nova, July 2014, ePublication
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
3rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
1H-Pyrazole-4,5-Diamine, 1-(1-Methylethyl)-, Sulfate
Sulfate
-
Estimated level
- 2–5%
-
Confidence
- High — bounded by a regulatory limit
-
Roles
-
UV filter
4th on the list. Regulation caps it at 5%, so it is present at roughly 2–5%.
1-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, February 2021, pages 189–244; and January 2019, pages 198–207
- JAMA, January 2020, pages 256–267
- Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, December 2014, pages 35-43
- Household and Personal Care Today, March/April 2014, pages 4-8
- Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2014, pages 36–40
- Indian Journal of Dermatology, September/October 2012, pages 335-342
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
5th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Carbonic Acid, Bis(2- Ethylhexyl) Ester
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Occlusive
6th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Dimethicone
Hydration
Silicone
7 scientific references
- FDA Code of Federal Regulations, April 2020, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2014, pages 65S-115S
- The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, May 2014, pages 36-44
- Dermatologic Therapy, May 2012, pages 229-233
- Clinics in Dermatology, May-June 2012, pages 345-348
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, January 2008, pages 19-33
- Skin Research and Technology, May 2000, pages 77-80
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
7th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2-ethanediyl ester, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Exfoliant, Texture agent
8th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Synthetic Wax is a hydrocarbon wax derived generally through Fischer-Tropsch or ethylene polymerization processes.
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
9th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Silicones and siloxanes, diphenyl, trimethylsilyloxy phenyl, trimethylsilyl terminated
Silicone
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
10th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 2-butyloctyl ester
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, June 2019, pages 1-60
- https://onlinepersonalcarecouncilorg/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/FR766pdf
- International Journal of Toxicology, 2003, pages 1-108
- https://wwwdeepdyvecom/lp/sage/safety-assessment-of-salicylic-acid-butyloctyl-salicylate-calcium-klHNmxZGsR?articleList=%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3Dbutyloctyl%2Bsalicylate
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
11th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
1-[4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, February 2021, pages 189–244; and January 2019, pages 198–207
- JAMA, January 2020, pages 256–267
- Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, December 2014, pages 35-43
- Household and Personal Care Today, March/April 2014, pages 4-8
- Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2014, pages 36–40
- Indian Journal of Dermatology, September/October 2012, pages 335-342
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Texture agent
12th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Isopropyl palmitate
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
13th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Benzoic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant
14th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Bis(16-methylheptadecyl) malate
Hydration
8 scientific references
- Supercharged Hydration
- How Hyaluronic Acid Benefits Skin
- What is Dehydrated Skin & How to Choose the Best Products
- What Your Moisturizer Must Contain
- Moisturizer Myths You Should Stop Believing Now
- The Benefits of Glycerin in Skin Care
- The Best Face Oils for Skin
- How Facial Oils Help Skin
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
15th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
2-Ethylhexyl isononanoate
Hydration
1 scientific reference
- Peer-reviewed, substantiated scientific research is used to assess ingredients in this dictionary. Regulations regarding usage constraints, permitted concentration levels and availability vary by country and region.
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
16th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Pentasiloxane, 1,1,1,9,9,9-hexamethyl-3,5,7-trioctyl-3,5,7-tris[(trimethylsilyl)oxy)]-
Silicone
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
17th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Fluorphlogopite, Mg3K[AlF2O(SiO3)3] (synthetic)
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Texture agent
18th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Bis-Behenyl/Isostearyl/Phytosteryl Dimer Dilinoleyl Dimer Dilinoleate is Dimer Dilinoleyl Dimer Dilinoleate end-capped with a mixture of Phytosterol, Behenyl Alcohol and Isostearyl Alcohol
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
19th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Polymer formed by hydrolysis and condensation of methyltrimethoxysilane
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Exfoliant, Texture agent
20th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Homopolymer of ethylene monomers
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
21st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is a crosslinked dimethyl siloxane polymer (silicone elastomer) that is formed by the reaction between Hydrogen Dimethicone or Bis-Hydrogen Dimethicone, and Vinyl Dimethicone or Bis-Vinyldimethicone.
Silicone
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
22nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Camellia Japonica Seed Oil is the fixed oil expressed from the seeds of the Camellia, Camellia japonica L., Theaceae
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Exfoliant, Texture agent
23rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Ethene, polymer with propene
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Texture agent
24th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Silane, dichlorodimethyl-, reaction products with silica
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
25th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Siloxanes and silicones, di-Me, crosspolymers with C3-20 alkyl groups
Silicone
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
26th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Candelilla Wax Esters is the ester fraction derived from Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax;
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
27th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Artemisia Annua Extract is an extract of the whole herb, Artemisia annua L., Compositae
Anti-Aging
Hydration
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
28th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax is a wax obtained from the leaves and leaf buds of Copernicia cerifera, Palmaceae.
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
29th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Pinus Sylvestris Leaf Oil is the volatile oil obtained from the needles of the Scotch Pine, Pinus sylvestris L., Pinaceae
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
30th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Chamomile Oil-Roman. Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil is the volatile oil distilled from the dried flower heads of the Roman Chamomile, Anthemis nobilis L., Asteraceae
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
31st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Aqua (EU),Deionized Water,Distilled Water,Micromatrix Fractile AN,Onsen-Sui (JPN),Purified Water
Hydration
3 scientific references
- Skin Research and Technology, May 2015, pages 131-136
- Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, November-December 1999, pages 344-351
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, September-October 1993, pages 249-262
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
32nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
.alpha.-d-Glucopyranosiduronic acid, (3.beta.,20.beta.)-20-carboxy-11-oxo-30-norolean-12-en-3-yl 2-O-.beta.-d-glucopyranuronosyl-, dipotassium salt
Soothing
Dark Spot Fading
8 scientific references
- How to Care for Red, Sensitive Skin
- 7 Best Products for Sensitive Skin
- Skincare Tips for Calming Redness
- Skin-Soothing Ingredients
- How the Paula’s Choice CALM Collection Works
- The Best Moisturizers for Sensitive Skin
- The Best Ways to Treat Acne and Sensitive Skin
- Skin Care for Extremely Dry, Sensitive Skin
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Soothing
33rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Urea, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-
Soothing
8 scientific references
- Chemistry Series, March 2020, pages 7-21
- Molecules, June 2019, pages 1-33
- European Journal of Pharmacology, February 2018, pages 68-78
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, June 2017, Volume 76, Issue 2, Supplement 1
- Pharmacognosy Review, Volume 5, July-December 2011
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2010, Supplement, pages 84S-97S
- Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, October 2008, ePublication
- https://wwwaccessdatafdagov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearchcfm?CFRPart=347&showFR=1
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
34th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, 2-Hydroxy-1-(Hydroxymethyl)ethyl
Hydration
Soothing
4 scientific references
- Health Science Reports, April 2021, pages 1–7
- Antioxidants, February 2020, pages 1–20
- The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, August 2012, pages 29–39
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, May 2012, pages 192–199
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Texture agent, Solvent
35th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Butane-1,3-diol (CAS No. 107-88-0/ EC No. 203-529-7)
(R)-(-)-butane-1,3-diol” (CAS No. 6290-03-5/ EC No. 228-532-0)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- US Food and Drug Administration Code of Federal Regulations</em>, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2011, pages 5S-16S
- Skin Research and Technology, November 2007, pages 417-24
- Journal of the American College of Toxicology, September 1985, pages 223-248
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Occlusive, Texture agent, Solvent
36th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Glycerine ;Glycerol (INN); Glycerol (RIFM); Glycerolum (EP); Glycyl Alcohol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane
Hydration
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, March 2021, pages 223-231
- International Journal of Toxicology, November/December 2019, Volume 38, Supplement 3, pages 6S-22S
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2016, ePublication
- British Journal of Dermatology, July 2008, pages 23-34
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, June 2007, pages 75-82
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, June 2003, pages 7, 360-7, 365
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
37th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
38th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Betula Platyphylla Japonica Juice is the sap from the tree, Betula platyphylla japonica, Betulaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
39th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is an extract of the root bark of the Elm, Ulmus davidiana, Ulmaceae
Anti-Aging
Hydration
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Emollient, Plant extract
40th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract is an extract of the leaves of the aloe, Aloe barbadensis, Liliaceae
Soothing
Hydration
8 scientific references
- Cosmetics, November 2021, pages 1-24
- https://wwwmdpicom/2079-9284/8/4/106/htm
- World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2011, pages 610-612
- https://wwwdesertharvestcom/physicians/documents/Antifungal%20and%20Antioxidant%20Activitiespdf
- International Journal of Biological & Medical Research, 2011, pages 466-471
- https://citeseerxistpsuedu/viewdoc/download?doi=10113024710&rep=rep1&type=pdf ]
- International Journal of Toxicology, 2007, pages 1-50
- https://onlinepersonalcarecouncilorg/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/PRS274pdf
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
41st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Dioscorea Japonica Root Extract is an extract of the roots of Dioscorea japonica, Dioscoreaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant, Plant extract
42nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Viola Mandshurica Flower Extract is the extract obtained from the flowers of the plant Manchuria Violet, Viola mandshurica, Violaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Plant extract
43rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Laminaria Japonica Extract is an extract of the Japan Kelp/Seaweed, Laminaria japonica, Laminariaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant
44th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Octanoic acid, monoester with glycerol
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Active
45th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hyaluronic acid, sodium, salt
Hydration
Anti-Aging
Soothing
5 scientific references
- Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und Verwandte Gebiete, December 2017, pages 987-993
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, July 2014, pages 277-287
- Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, October 2012, pages 20-23
- DermatoEndocrinology, July-December 2012, pages 253-258
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, September 2011, pages 990-1000
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Active
46th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hyaluronic acid
Anti-Aging
Hydration
5 scientific references
- Journal of Evidence-Based, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, October 2017, pages 816-823
- Journal of Medicinal Food, October 2016, pages 1, 172-1, 179
- Nutrition Journal, July 2013, ePublication
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2011, issue 9, pages 990-1000
- Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, March 2009, pages 38-43
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Antioxidant, pH adjuster
47th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ascorbic acid
Anti-Aging
Dark Spot Fading
Evens Skin Tone
12 scientific references
- Drug Delivery, February 2021, pages 445-453
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, December 2020, pages 3, 262-3, 269
- Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, May-August 2020, pages 374-382
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, March 2020, pages 671-676
- Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, July 2017 pages 14-17
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, July 2016, pages 863-867
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, September 2015, pages 463-470
- Indian Dermatology Online Journal, April-June 2013, pages 143-146
- AAPS PharmSciTech, July 2011, pages 917-923
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, July 2008, Supplement, pages s2-s6
- International Journal of Toxicology, Supplement 2, March 2005, pages 51-111
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, July-August 2004, pages 200-206