The Vitamin C 13 serum

Estimated level

30–80%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

Roles

Solvent

1st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 30–80% of the formula.

Aqua (EU),Deionized Water,Distilled Water,Micromatrix Fractile AN,Onsen-Sui (JPN),Purified Water

Estimated level

5–20%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

Roles

Active, Antioxidant, pH adjuster

2nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.

Ascorbic acid

Estimated level

5–20%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

Roles

Humectant, Texture agent, Solvent

3rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.

Butane-1,3-diol (CAS No. 107-88-0/ EC No. 203-529-7) (R)-(-)-butane-1,3-diol” (CAS No. 6290-03-5/ EC No. 228-532-0)

Estimated level

2–10%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

Roles

Texture agent, Solvent

4th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.

1,1'-Oxydipropan-2-ol; Oxydipropan-2-ol; Hydroxypropyloxypropanol

Estimated level

2–10%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

Roles

pH adjuster

5th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.

1,3-Propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-

Estimated level

2–10%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

Roles

Active

6th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.

3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid is the organic compound.

Estimated level

1–5%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

Roles

Active

7th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.

Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (2R)-; dl-Panthenol

Estimated level

1–5%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

8th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.

N-acetyl-.alpha.-D-glucosamine

Estimated level

1–5%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

9th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.

1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-

Estimated level

1–5%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

Roles

Humectant, Active

10th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.

Hyaluronic acid, sodium, salt

Estimated level

1–3%

Confidence

Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line

Roles

Antioxidant, Preservative

11th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.

Sodium sulphite

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

Texture agent, Chelator

12th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

13th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

Glycine, N-(N-L-.gamma.-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl)-

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

14th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

6-Amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

Plant extract

15th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

Gardenia Florida Fruit Extract is an extract of the fruit of the Cape Jasmine, Gardenia Florida L., Rubiaceae

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

Occlusive, Soothing

16th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

Urea, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

Texture agent

17th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

Dextrin

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

Emollient

18th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyltetracosane

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

UV filter

19th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

Tocotrienol

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

Antioxidant

20th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-benzopyran-6-ol; .alpha.-tocopherol; Vitamin E

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

Emollient

21st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

Elaeis Guineensis Oil is a natural oil obtained from the fruits of the Palmoil Tree, Elaeis guineensis, Palmaceae

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

22nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

L-Arginine

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

Active

23rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

Niacinamide (vitamin B3) is a gentle skincare active that repairs the skin barrier, calms redness, controls oil and evens tone at 2–5%. Official IUPAC name: **3-Pyridinecarboxamide**

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

Solvent

24th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane

Estimated level

under 1%

Confidence

Moderate — listed below the 1% line

Roles

Emollient, Soothing, Plant extract

25th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.

Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract is an extract of the roots of the Licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Leguminosae