-
Estimated level
- 10–40%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
1st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 10–40% of the formula.
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2-ethanediyl ester, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Exfoliant, Texture agent
2nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
Homopolymer of ethylene monomers
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
3rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-octyl-trisiloxane
Hydration
Silicone
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
4th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Hexadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester; Octyl palmitate
Hydration
5 scientific references
- Dermatology Clinics and Research, August 2019, pages 239-271
- Clinical Medicine and Research, December 2017, pages 75-87
- International Journal of Toxicology, Volume 34, Issue 2, Supplement, September 2015, pages 5S-69S
- Molecules, February 2015, pages 2, 492-2, 509
- British Journal of Dermatology, October 2010, pages 695-703
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
5th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Alcohols, coco, mixed esters with octanoic and decanoic acids
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
6th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Carbonic Acid, Dicaprylyl Ester
Hydration
5 scientific references
- OCL, April 2018, pages 1-10
- Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, July 2017, pages 1, 337–1, 349
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, December 2016, pages 1-50
- https://wwwcir-safetyorg/sites/default/files/dialkyl%20carbonatespdf
- https://wwwulprospectorcom/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/75/204256/Cetiol-CC
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
7th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Fluorphlogopite, Mg3K[AlF2O(SiO3)3] (synthetic)
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Occlusive, Solvent
8th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Dibutyl adipate
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
9th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 2-butyloctyl ester
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, June 2019, pages 1-60
- https://onlinepersonalcarecouncilorg/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/FR766pdf
- International Journal of Toxicology, 2003, pages 1-108
- https://wwwdeepdyvecom/lp/sage/safety-assessment-of-salicylic-acid-butyloctyl-salicylate-calcium-klHNmxZGsR?articleList=%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3Dbutyloctyl%2Bsalicylate
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
10th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-propanediyl diheptanoate
Hydration
3 scientific references
- Parchem, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology, April 2020, ePublication
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, November 2017, pages 1-48
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
11th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Benzoic Acid, 2-[4-(Diethylamino)-2-Hydroxybenzoyl]-, Hexyl Ester
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
12th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Vinyl Dimethicone/Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer
Silicone
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
13th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Benzoic acid, 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino)tris-,tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester; octyl triazone
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
14th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Hydrocarbon waxes (petroleum), chemically neutralized. A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by a treating process to remove acidic materials. It consists predominantly of saturated straight chain hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through C50
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
15th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Silicones and siloxanes, dimethyl, ethenyl methyl, ethenyldimethylsilyl terminated
Silicone
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
16th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Polysilicone-15 is the siloxane polymer that conforms generally to the formula:
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
17th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
2,2'-[6-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl]bis[5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-phenol]
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Active, Antioxidant, Preservative
18th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Bakuchiol (babchi seed extract) is a plant-based retinol alternative that softens wrinkles and fades dark spots with less irritation. IUPAC name: 4-[(1E,3S)-3,7-dimethyl-3-vinylocta-1,6-dien-1-yl]phenol
Soothing
Anti-Aging
Evens Skin Tone
14 scientific references
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, July 2020, pages 1-12
- Pharmacological Research, March 2019, pages 208-213
- British Journal of Dermatology, February 2019, pages 253-254
- Oncotarget, March 2016, pages 14, 616-14, 627
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, June 2014, pages 221-230
- Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2010, pages 1504-1506
- The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2010, pages 105-114
- Pharmacognosy Review, January-June 2010, pages 68-76
- British Journal of Dermatology, 2019 (randomized trial vs retinol: bjd.16918)
- Phytochemistry Reviews, 2024 (review: s11101-024-09926-y)
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2026 (review: ics.70116)
- PubMed 41151326, 2025 (bakuchiol against MRSA)
- PubMed 38199573, 2024 (antiviral targets PHB2, VDAC1, VDAC2)
- PubMed 37857572, 2023 (C. elegans lifespan and amyloid-beta)
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
19th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Ceresin. A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the purification of ozocerite with sulfuric acid and filtration through bone black to form waxy cakes
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant
20th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Octanoic acid, monoester with glycerol
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant, Texture agent
21st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Polyglyceryl-4 Diisostearate/Polyhydroxystearate/Sebacate is a diester of a mixture of isostearic, polyhydroxystearic and sebacic acids with Polyglycerin-4
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
22nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Silane, triethoxyoctyl-
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
23rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
4-Methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
24th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-benzopyran-6-ol; .alpha.-tocopherol; Vitamin E
Anti-Aging
Evens Skin Tone
Soothing
4 scientific references
- Journal or Agricultural and Food Chemistry, June 2010, pages 7013-7020
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, November 2001, pages 1212-1217
- Canadian Family Physician, July 2006, pages 855-856
- Dermatologic Surgery, April 1999, pages 311-315
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active
25th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Niacinamide (vitamin B3) is a gentle skincare active that repairs the skin barrier, calms redness, controls oil and evens tone at 2–5%. Official IUPAC name: **3-Pyridinecarboxamide**
Soothing
Anti-Aging
Pore Minimizer
15 scientific references
- International Journal of Dermatology, February 2021, pages 166-173
- Biomolecules & Therapeutics, July 2019, pages 562-569
- Experimental Dermatology, February 2019, pages 15-22
- Dermatologic Therapy, September 2017, ePublication
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, May 2017, page S116
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics, March 2017, pages 158-162
- Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, May 2016, pages 145-152
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, July 2015, pages 405-412
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, June 2014, pages 311-315
- International Journal of Pharmacy, January 2013, pages 192-201
- Dermatoendrocrinology, July 2012, pages 308-319
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2005, pages 1-31
- Dermatologic Surgery, July 2005, pages 860-865
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, October 2004, pages 231-238
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, April 2004, pages 88-93
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant, Peptide
26th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Ascorbic acid, reaction products with protein hydrolyzates
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
27th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
28th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Water
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Texture agent, Solvent
29th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Butane-1,3-diol (CAS No. 107-88-0/ EC No. 203-529-7)
(R)-(-)-butane-1,3-diol” (CAS No. 6290-03-5/ EC No. 228-532-0)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- US Food and Drug Administration Code of Federal Regulations</em>, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2011, pages 5S-16S
- Skin Research and Technology, November 2007, pages 417-24
- Journal of the American College of Toxicology, September 1985, pages 223-248
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Occlusive, Texture agent, Solvent
30th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glycerine ;Glycerol (INN); Glycerol (RIFM); Glycerolum (EP); Glycyl Alcohol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane
Hydration
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, March 2021, pages 223-231
- International Journal of Toxicology, November/December 2019, Volume 38, Supplement 3, pages 6S-22S
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2016, ePublication
- British Journal of Dermatology, July 2008, pages 23-34
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, June 2007, pages 75-82
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, June 2003, pages 7, 360-7, 365
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
31st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
32nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Octane-1,2-diol
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Peptide
33rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Nonapeptide-1 is a synthetic nonapeptide derived from arginine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan and valine
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Active, Peptide
34th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Acetyl hexapeptide-8 is the synthetic peptide consisting of arginine, methionine, and acetylated glutamic acid residues
Anti-Aging
Hydration
6 scientific references
- Cosmetics, November 2020, Issue 7, Volume 4, page 91
- La Clinica Terapeutica, November 2020, pages e539-e548
- https://wwwcir-safetyorg/sites/default/files/AcetylHexapeptide-8pdf
- Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, March 2015, pages 46-52
- European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, February 2015, pages 27-35
- Dermatologic Therapy, September-October 2007, issue 5, pages 343-349
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Peptide
35th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Copper Tripeptide-1 is a copper complex of Tripeptide-1
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Active, Peptide
36th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Tripeptide-1 is a synthetic peptide containing glycine, histidine, and lysine
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Peptide
37th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 is the reaction product of palmitic acid and Tetrapeptide-7
Anti-Aging
5 scientific references
- Cosmetics, November 2020, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, Volume 37, Supplement 3, November 2018, pages 90S–102S
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, June 2015, pages 152–160
- Molecular Pharmaceutics, March 2013, pages 1, 063-1, 069
- Plastic Surgical Nursing, April 2012, pages 71–72
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Peptide
38th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Lysine, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)glycyl-L-histidyl-
Anti-Aging
4 scientific references
- International Journal of Toxicology, November 2018, pages 90S-102S
- Cosmetics, May 2017, pages 1-14
- Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, August 2016, pages 1, 171-1, 176
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, June 2000, pages 207-218
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Peptide
39th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Lysine, synthetic pentapeptide with serine, and threonine, hexadecanoyl derivatives
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Peptide
40th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hexapeptide-9 is a synthetic peptide containing Glutamine, Glycine and Proline residues