-
Estimated level
- 30–80%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
1st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 30–80% of the formula.
Aqua (EU),Deionized Water,Distilled Water,Micromatrix Fractile AN,Onsen-Sui (JPN),Purified Water
Hydration
3 scientific references
- Skin Research and Technology, May 2015, pages 131-136
- Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, November-December 1999, pages 344-351
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, September-October 1993, pages 249-262
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
2nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
Biphenyl-4,4'-diol
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
pH adjuster
3rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
Nonanedioic acid
Anti-Acne
Dark Spot Fading
Smooths Bumpy Skin
8 scientific references
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, March 2017, pages 35-42
- The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, March 2017, pages 37-40
- Advanced Biomedical Research, February 2017, ePublication
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, October 2016, pages 771-775
- Skin Therapy Letter, January 2016, pages 1-7
- Cutis, January 2016, pages E9-E11
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, September 2015, pages 964-968
- International Journal of Toxicology, August 2012, pages 1-72
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
4th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter, Texture agent
5th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Titanium dioxide (CI 77891)
Anti-Aging
10 scientific references
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, February 2021, pages 532-537
- Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, June 2020
- Journal of Nanoparticle Research, March 2020
- Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, November 2019, pages 34-46
- Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, November 2019, pages 442-446
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, September 2019, pages 223-234
- Materials, July 2019, pages 1-24
- Photodermatology, Photoimmunology, and Photomedicine, April 2011, pages 58-67
- Skin Therapy Letter, July-August 2008, pages 5-7
- Environmental and Health Perspectives, July 2008, pages 893
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant
6th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant, Texture agent
7th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Octadecan-1-ol
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Solvent
8th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol; Carbitol; Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; DEGEE
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
9th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
3,5,5-Trimethylhexyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
10th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
2-Ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate
Anti-Aging
8 scientific references
- 5 Super Anti-Aging Antioxidants Your Skin Needs
- How to Keep Your Neck & Chest Looking Young
- Acne & Aging Skin
- How to Diminish Uneven Skin Tone and Get Your Glow Back
- What Are Peptides and What Do They Do for Skin?
- The Truth About Firming Creams
- Top 5 Reasons to Add Antioxidants to Your Skin Care Routine
- Anti-Aging Superstars
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Occlusive, Texture agent, Solvent
11th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Glycerine ;Glycerol (INN); Glycerol (RIFM); Glycerolum (EP); Glycyl Alcohol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane
Hydration
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, March 2021, pages 223-231
- International Journal of Toxicology, November/December 2019, Volume 38, Supplement 3, pages 6S-22S
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2016, ePublication
- British Journal of Dermatology, July 2008, pages 23-34
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, June 2007, pages 75-82
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, June 2003, pages 7, 360-7, 365
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
12th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Silicic acid, aluminum magnesium salt
Oil Control
3 scientific references
- The Cosmetic Ingredient Review, March 2021, pages 1-27
- International Journal of Toxicology, January 2003, pages 37-102
- International Federation Societies of Cosmetic Chemists, 1997, pages 1-43
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active
13th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Niacinamide (vitamin B3) is a gentle skincare active that repairs the skin barrier, calms redness, controls oil and evens tone at 2–5%. Official IUPAC name: **3-Pyridinecarboxamide**
Soothing
Anti-Aging
Pore Minimizer
15 scientific references
- International Journal of Dermatology, February 2021, pages 166-173
- Biomolecules & Therapeutics, July 2019, pages 562-569
- Experimental Dermatology, February 2019, pages 15-22
- Dermatologic Therapy, September 2017, ePublication
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, May 2017, page S116
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics, March 2017, pages 158-162
- Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, May 2016, pages 145-152
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, July 2015, pages 405-412
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, June 2014, pages 311-315
- International Journal of Pharmacy, January 2013, pages 192-201
- Dermatoendrocrinology, July 2012, pages 308-319
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2005, pages 1-31
- Dermatologic Surgery, July 2005, pages 860-865
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, October 2004, pages 231-238
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, April 2004, pages 88-93
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
14th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
1,3-Dihydroxy-4-N Butyl Benzene
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
15th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
4-Hydroxyphenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside
Anti-Aging
Dark Spot Fading
Evens Skin Tone
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
pH adjuster
16th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
2-Dimethylaminoethanol; N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
17th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
D-Glucitol
Hydration
7 scientific references
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics, January 2019, pages 175–183
- Clinical Medicine and Research, January 2017, pages 75–87
- Frontiers in Microbiology, December 2017, ePublication
- 3 Biotech, June 2012, pages 115-125
- The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, August 2011, pages 31-49
- Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, July-September 2004, pages 321-336
- https://wwwcir-safetyorg/sites/default/files/Mannitol, %20Sorbitol, %20Xylitol_0pdf
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
18th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
5-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrone
Dark Spot Fading
Evens Skin Tone
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Soothing
19th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
(R*,R*)-.alpha.,4-dimethyl-.alpha.-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-methanol;
3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, alpha,4-dimethyl-alpha-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (theta,theta)-(+/-)-;
3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, alpha,4-dimethyl-alpha-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (S-(theta,theta))- (levomenol)
Soothing
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed May 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2019, pages 299-303
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2017, pages 24S-25S
- Cutis, November 2015, pages 337-342
- Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2014, pages 173-181
- Food and Chemical Toxicology, October 2011, pages 2580-2585
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
20th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
2-Hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl didocosanoate
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Occlusive
21st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Dimethicone
Hydration
Silicone
7 scientific references
- FDA Code of Federal Regulations, April 2020, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2014, pages 65S-115S
- The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, May 2014, pages 36-44
- Dermatologic Therapy, May 2012, pages 229-233
- Clinics in Dermatology, May-June 2012, pages 345-348
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, January 2008, pages 19-33
- Skin Research and Technology, May 2000, pages 77-80
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
22nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Decanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol octanoate;
Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl
Hydration
5 scientific references
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2020, pages 34-35
- Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering, 2014, pages 43-48
- International Journal of Toxicology, January 2003, pages 4-5
- Food and Chemical Toxicology, January 2000, pages 79-98
- Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, August 1985, pages 303-311
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant
23rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Dodecanol, ethoxylated, propoxylated (2 mol EO, 4 mol PO average molar ratio)
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant
24th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Soothing, Plant extract
25th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Rumex Occidentalis Extract is an extract of the whole plant, Rumex occidentalis, Polygonaceae
Anti-Aging
Dark Spot Fading
Evens Skin Tone
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Antioxidant, pH adjuster
26th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Ascorbic acid
Anti-Aging
Dark Spot Fading
Evens Skin Tone
12 scientific references
- Drug Delivery, February 2021, pages 445-453
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, December 2020, pages 3, 262-3, 269
- Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, May-August 2020, pages 374-382
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, March 2020, pages 671-676
- Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, July 2017 pages 14-17
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, July 2016, pages 863-867
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, September 2015, pages 463-470
- Indian Dermatology Online Journal, April-June 2013, pages 143-146
- AAPS PharmSciTech, July 2011, pages 917-923
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, July 2008, Supplement, pages s2-s6
- International Journal of Toxicology, Supplement 2, March 2005, pages 51-111
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, July-August 2004, pages 200-206
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
27th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Phosphinic acid, (1-aminoethyl)-
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Texture agent, Solvent
28th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Butane-1,3-diol (CAS No. 107-88-0/ EC No. 203-529-7)
(R)-(-)-butane-1,3-diol” (CAS No. 6290-03-5/ EC No. 228-532-0)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- US Food and Drug Administration Code of Federal Regulations</em>, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2011, pages 5S-16S
- Skin Research and Technology, November 2007, pages 417-24
- Journal of the American College of Toxicology, September 1985, pages 223-248
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
29th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Dextran
Hydration
1 scientific reference
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Peptide
30th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Nonapeptide-1 is a synthetic nonapeptide derived from arginine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan and valine
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active
31st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Retinol, hexadecanoate
Anti-Aging
Pregnancy Unsafe
7 scientific references
- Antioxidants, November 2020
- International Journal of Toxicology, October 2017
- Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, February 2016, pages 394-403
- Acta Biochimica Polonica, 2015, pages 201-206
- Journal of Lipid Research, July 2013, pages 1, 731–1, 743
- Clinical Interventions in Aging, December 2006, pages 327-348
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, November 2003, pages 1163-1167
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
32nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Powder is the powder obtained from the dried gound leaves of the aloe, Aloe barbadensis, Liliaceae
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
33rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil is the oil expressed from the seeds of the Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., Compositae
Anti-Aging
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Pediatric Dermatology, August 2018, ePublication; and January-February 2013, pages 42-50
- Chemicke Zvesti, May 2018, pages 2, 607-2, 615
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, December 2017, ePublication
- Dermatology, October 2014, pages 230-239
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract, Preservative
34th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract is an extract of the leaves of the Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lamiaceae
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
35th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-benzopyran-6-yl acetate
Anti-Aging
Soothing
8 scientific references
- 5 Super Anti-Aging Antioxidants Your Skin Needs
- How to Keep Your Neck & Chest Looking Young
- Acne & Aging Skin
- How to Diminish Uneven Skin Tone and Get Your Glow Back
- What Are Peptides and What Do They Do for Skin?
- The Truth About Firming Creams
- Top 5 Reasons to Add Antioxidants to Your Skin Care Routine
- Anti-Aging Superstars
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
36th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Decanoic acid, mixed diesters with octanoic acid and propylene glycol
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent, Solvent
37th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Propylene carbonate
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
38th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecyl-, chloride, reaction products with hectorite / Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethyl, chlorides, compds. with hectorite
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant, Texture agent
39th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Xanthan gum
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent, Chelator
40th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
41st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1-Pentanone, 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(piperidinyl)-
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
42nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant, Preservative
43rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Disodium disulphite