-
Estimated level
- 30–80%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
1st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 30–80% of the formula.
Aqua (EU),Deionized Water,Distilled Water,Micromatrix Fractile AN,Onsen-Sui (JPN),Purified Water
Hydration
3 scientific references
- Skin Research and Technology, May 2015, pages 131-136
- Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, November-December 1999, pages 344-351
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, September-October 1993, pages 249-262
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Solvent
2nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Hydration
Silicone
4 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed May 2021, ePublication
- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, February 2016, pages S67-S76
- Environmental International, November 2015, pages 55-63
- International Journal of Toxicology, December 2011, pages 149-227
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
3rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
1,2-Butanediol, diesters with octanoic and decanoic acids
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Solvent
4th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane
Hydration
2 scientific references
- Dow (supplier info), Accessed September 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, December 2011, pages 149S-227S
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter, Texture agent
5th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Titanium dioxide (CI 77891)
Anti-Aging
10 scientific references
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, February 2021, pages 532-537
- Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, June 2020
- Journal of Nanoparticle Research, March 2020
- Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, November 2019, pages 34-46
- Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, November 2019, pages 442-446
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, September 2019, pages 223-234
- Materials, July 2019, pages 1-24
- Photodermatology, Photoimmunology, and Photomedicine, April 2011, pages 58-67
- Skin Therapy Letter, July-August 2008, pages 5-7
- Environmental and Health Perspectives, July 2008, pages 893
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
6th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
SilIcones and siloxanes, dimethyl, hydropoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl methyl, trimethylsilyl terminated (10 mol EO average molar ratio)
Hydration
Silicone
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent, Solvent
7th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
1,3-dihydroxypropane
Hydration
4 scientific references
- PubChem Compound Summary, April 2021, ePublication
- SpecialChem, Accessed April 2021, ePublication
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, June 2018, pages 1-73
- Cosmetics & Toiletries, May 2013, pages 81-86
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant
8th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Siloxanes and Silicones, dodecyl methyl, 2-trimethylsilylpoly(oxydimethylsilyl)ethyl methyl, dimethyl
Silicone
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active
9th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Niacinamide (vitamin B3) is a gentle skincare active that repairs the skin barrier, calms redness, controls oil and evens tone at 2–5%. Official IUPAC name: **3-Pyridinecarboxamide**
Soothing
Anti-Aging
Pore Minimizer
15 scientific references
- International Journal of Dermatology, February 2021, pages 166-173
- Biomolecules & Therapeutics, July 2019, pages 562-569
- Experimental Dermatology, February 2019, pages 15-22
- Dermatologic Therapy, September 2017, ePublication
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, May 2017, page S116
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics, March 2017, pages 158-162
- Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, May 2016, pages 145-152
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, July 2015, pages 405-412
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, June 2014, pages 311-315
- International Journal of Pharmacy, January 2013, pages 192-201
- Dermatoendrocrinology, July 2012, pages 308-319
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2005, pages 1-31
- Dermatologic Surgery, July 2005, pages 860-865
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, October 2004, pages 231-238
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, April 2004, pages 88-93
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
10th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Iron Powder is the element consisting of powdered metallic iron
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Occlusive, Texture agent, Solvent
11th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Glycerine ;Glycerol (INN); Glycerol (RIFM); Glycerolum (EP); Glycyl Alcohol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane
Hydration
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, March 2021, pages 223-231
- International Journal of Toxicology, November/December 2019, Volume 38, Supplement 3, pages 6S-22S
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2016, ePublication
- British Journal of Dermatology, July 2008, pages 23-34
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, June 2007, pages 75-82
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, June 2003, pages 7, 360-7, 365
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
12th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Copolymer of ethylhexyl acrylate, dimethicone methacrylate and one or more monomers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or one of their simple esters
Synthetic polymer
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant
13th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, homopolymer
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
14th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Sodium chloride
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Emollient, Occlusive, Texture agent
15th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Aluminium hydroxide
Oil Control
8 scientific references
- Oil-Absorbing Ingredients
- Help for Oily Skin
- Salicylic Acid for Skin
- How BHA Exfoliants Work
- Which BHA Exfoliant is Right for Me?
- Niacinamide Benefits: What Does Niacinamide Do for Skin?
- The Best Toners for Oily Skin
- The Best Moisturizers for Oily, Acne-Prone Skin
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Plant extract
16th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Osmanthus Fragrans Leaf Extract is the extract of the leaves of Osmanthus fragrans, Oleaceae.
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant, Texture agent
17th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Stearic acid
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, May 2019, pages 1-61
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2008, page 310
- Therapeutics for the Clinician, May 2005, pages 317-324
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, December 2003, pages 559-568
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Occlusive
18th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Dimethicone
Hydration
Silicone
7 scientific references
- FDA Code of Federal Regulations, April 2020, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2014, pages 65S-115S
- The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, May 2014, pages 36-44
- Dermatologic Therapy, May 2012, pages 229-233
- Clinics in Dermatology, May-June 2012, pages 345-348
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, January 2008, pages 19-33
- Skin Research and Technology, May 2000, pages 77-80
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
19th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2-ethanediyl ester, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
20th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Silane, triethoxyoctyl-
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
21st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
1-Octadecanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecyl-, chloride, reaction products with hectorite
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant, Texture agent
22nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Isooctadecanoic acid
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Texture agent
23rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Isopropyl palmitate
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant
24th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Lecithins. The complex combination of diglycerides of fatty acids linked to the choline ester of phosphoric acid
Hydration
5 scientific references
- Cosmetics, November 2020, pages 1-19
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2020, pages 5S-25S
- Molecules, March 2020, pages 1-9
- Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, March 2014, pages 1, 093-1, 101
- Scientia Pharmaceutica, July 2013, pages 1, 151-1, 166
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
25th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Hexadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester; Octyl palmitate
Hydration
5 scientific references
- Dermatology Clinics and Research, August 2019, pages 239-271
- Clinical Medicine and Research, December 2017, pages 75-87
- International Journal of Toxicology, Volume 34, Issue 2, Supplement, September 2015, pages 5S-69S
- Molecules, February 2015, pages 2, 492-2, 509
- British Journal of Dermatology, October 2010, pages 695-703
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
26th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Octane-1,2-diol
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant, Texture agent
27th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
9-(Z)-Octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy- (9Z, 12R)-, homopolymer, ester with triglycerol
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
28th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
SilIcones and siloxanes, dimethyl, hydropoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl methyl, trimethylsilyl terminated, reaction products with ethenyldimethylsilyl-terminated dimethyl ethenyl methyl polysiloxane (10 mol EO average molar ratio)
Hydration
Silicone
8 scientific references
- Supercharged Hydration
- How Hyaluronic Acid Benefits Skin
- What is Dehydrated Skin & How to Choose the Best Products
- What Your Moisturizer Must Contain
- Moisturizer Myths You Should Stop Believing Now
- The Benefits of Glycerin in Skin Care
- The Best Face Oils for Skin
- How Facial Oils Help Skin
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
29th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Acryloyl Dimethyl Taurate/Melamine/PEG-6 Methacrylate Crosspolymer is a complex, crosslinked polymer that is made by reacting melamine with Glutaral followed by the reaction with 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid and PEG-6 methacrylate. The resulting polymer is then further reacted with more melamine.
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
30th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,2-Propanediol, 3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- PLoS One, October 2016, ePublication
- Contact Dermatitis, May 2016, pages 281-288
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2013, pages 5S-21S
- Personal Care, 2008, pages 1-4
- Cosmetic Science Technology, 2006, pages 1-11
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
31st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Copolymer formed from stearyl 2-propenoate, dimethicone propylmethylpropenoate and one or more monomers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or one of their simple esters
Synthetic polymer
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
32nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Silica, reaction products with trimethylsilane
Hydration
Microplastic
8 scientific references
- Supercharged Hydration
- How Hyaluronic Acid Benefits Skin
- What is Dehydrated Skin & How to Choose the Best Products
- What Your Moisturizer Must Contain
- Moisturizer Myths You Should Stop Believing Now
- The Benefits of Glycerin in Skin Care
- The Best Face Oils for Skin
- How Facial Oils Help Skin
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent, Chelator
33rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
34th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
6-Amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine
Soothing
8 scientific references
- PubChem, Accessed May 2021, ePublication
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, September 2020, pages 1-38
- Experimental Dermatology, August 2014, pages 553-554
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, August 2011, pages 526-546
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, December 2006, pages 447-451
- British Journal of Pharmacology, October 2008, issue 4, pages 475-486
- PloS One, May 2008 (ePublication)
- >International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2006, pages 447-451
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
35th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl
Hydration
7 scientific references
- Cosmetics, October 2019, pages 1-10
- Cell Death & Disease, July 2019, pages 1-16
- International Journal of Toxicology, 2019, pages 5S-38S
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, February 2018, pages 2, 965-2, 976
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, May 2017, pages 1-6
- Biomedical Reports, September 2014, pages 755-759
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, June 2011, pages 2, 020-2, 053
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Texture agent, Solvent
36th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Butane-1,3-diol (CAS No. 107-88-0/ EC No. 203-529-7)
(R)-(-)-butane-1,3-diol” (CAS No. 6290-03-5/ EC No. 228-532-0)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- US Food and Drug Administration Code of Federal Regulations</em>, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2011, pages 5S-16S
- Skin Research and Technology, November 2007, pages 417-24
- Journal of the American College of Toxicology, September 1985, pages 223-248
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
37th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Fluorphlogopite, Mg3K[AlF2O(SiO3)3] (synthetic)
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
38th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester, homopolymer
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Active, pH adjuster
39th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-
Anti-Aging
Evens Skin Tone
Hydration
9 scientific references
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, April 2020, pages 116-126
- International Journal of Dermatology, March 2019, ePublication
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, October 2018, pages 491-497
- International Journal of Dermatology, September 2018, ePublication
- Molecules, April 2018, ePublication
- Journal of the American Dental Association, April 2016, pages 255-263
- Cutis, January 2016, pages E9-E11
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, November 2010, pages 135-142
- The Journal of Dermatology, January 2006, pages 16-22
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
40th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-2-Pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid
Hydration
3 scientific references
- International Journal of Toxicology, 2019, pages 5S-11S
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, February 2017, pages 2-10, and December 2016, pages 567-575
- Journal of Dermatological Science, December 2014, pages 231-239
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
41st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glucose
Hydration
4 scientific references
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, March 2020, pages 1–13
- Foods, March 2019, pages 1–27
- Nature Medicine, May 2018, pages 617–627
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, September 2003, pages 1, 224–1, 228
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Exfoliant, Texture agent
42nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Tin dioxide (CI 77861)
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
pH adjuster
43rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glycine
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health, August 2020, pages 187-199
- Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2018, pages 5, 512-5, 527, ePublication
- PLoS ONE, February 2018, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, October 2009, pages 327-345
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Exfoliant, Texture agent
44th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Silicon dioxide
Oil Control
6 scientific references
- Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, July 2021, page 10, 2437
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, October 2019, pages 1-34
- Nanomedicine, August 2019, pages 2, 243-2, 267
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2016, pages 1, 201-1, 205
- European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, January 2015, pages 116-125
- Cosmetics & Toiletries, April 2015, pages 36-45
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
45th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Disodium-.alpha.-glycerophosphate
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, pH adjuster
46th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Urea
Hydration
Smooths Bumpy Skin
Evens Skin Tone
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
47th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
Hydration
Anti-Aging
4 scientific references
- Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health, August 2020, pages 187-199
- Current Medicinal Chemistry, December 2018, pages 5, 512-5, 527
- PLoS ONE, February 2018, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2009, pages 327-345
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
48th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Malaysian Applied Biology, May 2018, pages 113–117
- Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, April 2014, pages 153-158
- International Journal of Toxicology, 2013, pages 41S-64S
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, June 2003, pages 1, 023-1, 029
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, pH adjuster
49th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Aspartic acid, magnesium salt mixture with L-aspartic acid, monopotassium salt
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
50th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Aspartic acid
Hydration
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
51st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Leucine
Hydration
8 scientific references
- Supercharged Hydration
- How Hyaluronic Acid Benefits Skin
- What is Dehydrated Skin & How to Choose the Best Products
- What Your Moisturizer Must Contain
- Moisturizer Myths You Should Stop Believing Now
- The Benefits of Glycerin in Skin Care
- The Best Face Oils for Skin
- How Facial Oils Help Skin
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
52nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Alanine
Anti-Aging
Hydration
5 scientific references
- Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health, August 2020, pages 187-199
- Current Medicinal Chemistry, December 2018, pages 5, 512-5, 527
- Marine Drugs, March 2018, ePublication
- PLoS ONE, February 2018, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2009, pages 327-345
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
53rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Lysine
Hydration
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
54th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Arginine
Hydration
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Biobased Surfactants (Second Edition), 2019, pages 413-445
- Scientific Reports, February 2016, pages 1-10
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, October 2012, pages 1-35
- Journal of Advanced Research, July 2010, pages 169–177
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, April 2005, page 139
- Wound Repair and Regeneration, November-December 2003, pages 419-423
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
55th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Magnesium digluconate
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
56th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Calcium gluconate
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
57th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
58th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
3-Phenyl-L-alanine
Hydration
Anti-Aging
4 scientific references
- https://pubchemncbinlmnihgov/compound/Phenylalanine
- https://wwwsciencedirectcom/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/phenylalanine
- Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2018, pages 709-718
- British Journal of Dermatology, June 2012, pages 16-19
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
59th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
Anti-Aging
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
60th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid
Hydration
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
61st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, (S)-
Hydration
Anti-Aging
4 scientific references
- Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health, August 2020, pages 187-199
- Current Medicinal Chemistry, December 2018, pages 5, 512-5, 527
- PLoS ONE, February 2018, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2009, pages 327-345
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
62nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Isoleucine; DL-allo-Isoleucine; 2-Amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Chelator, pH adjuster
63rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
64th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Histidine
Anti-Aging
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
65th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
N-acetyl-.alpha.-D-glucosamine
Hydration
Soothing
Evens Skin Tone
6 scientific references
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, July 2022, pages 1-25
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics, March 2020, pages 1-10
- Life Sciences, May 2016, pages 21-29
- Drug Design, Development and Therapy, August 2014, pages 1, 923-1, 928
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, June 2013, pages 96-102; and December 2006, pages 309-315
- Dermato-endocrinology, July 2012, pages 253-258
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
66th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glycine, N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-N-Methyl-
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, March 2011 and December 2011, pages 15-23 and 273-281
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, February 2005, pages 443-452
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, March 2005, page 225
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, January 2002, pages 47–52
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
pH adjuster
67th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Uric acid
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
68th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Cysteine
Hydration
8 scientific references
- Supercharged Hydration
- How Hyaluronic Acid Benefits Skin
- What is Dehydrated Skin & How to Choose the Best Products
- What Your Moisturizer Must Contain
- Moisturizer Myths You Should Stop Believing Now
- The Benefits of Glycerin in Skin Care
- The Best Face Oils for Skin
- How Facial Oils Help Skin
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
69th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
DL-methionine
Anti-Aging
Hydration
8 scientific references
- 5 Super Anti-Aging Antioxidants Your Skin Needs
- How to Keep Your Neck & Chest Looking Young
- Acne & Aging Skin
- How to Diminish Uneven Skin Tone and Get Your Glow Back
- What Are Peptides and What Do They Do for Skin?
- The Truth About Firming Creams
- Top 5 Reasons to Add Antioxidants to Your Skin Care Routine
- Anti-Aging Superstars
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
70th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Lipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
71st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Chitin, deacylated
Soothing