-
Estimated level
- 10–40%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
1st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 10–40% of the formula.
3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-benzopyran-6-ol; .alpha.-tocopherol; Vitamin E
Anti-Aging
Evens Skin Tone
Soothing
4 scientific references
- Journal or Agricultural and Food Chemistry, June 2010, pages 7013-7020
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, November 2001, pages 1212-1217
- Canadian Family Physician, July 2006, pages 855-856
- Dermatologic Surgery, April 1999, pages 311-315
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
2nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-benzopyran-6-yl acetate
Anti-Aging
Soothing
8 scientific references
- 5 Super Anti-Aging Antioxidants Your Skin Needs
- How to Keep Your Neck & Chest Looking Young
- Acne & Aging Skin
- How to Diminish Uneven Skin Tone and Get Your Glow Back
- What Are Peptides and What Do They Do for Skin?
- The Truth About Firming Creams
- Top 5 Reasons to Add Antioxidants to Your Skin Care Routine
- Anti-Aging Superstars
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active
3rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
Ceramide NP,1,3,4-Octadecanetriol, 2-Octadecanamide,Stearoyl-C18-Phytosphingosine,Stearoyl-4-Hydroxysphinganine
Hydration
Anti-Aging
11 scientific references
- International Journal of Toxicology, 2020, pages 5S-25S
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, August 2019, pages 1-15
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2016, pages 135-147
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, October 2014, pages 2473-2483
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, July 2014, pages 177-184
- Journal of Lipid Research, July 2008, pages 1, 466-1, 476
- Journal of Lipid Research, September 2007, pages 1936-1943
- American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2003, pages 107-129
- Contact Dermatitis, June 2002, pages 331-338
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, November 2001, pages 1, 126-1, 136
- Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, September-October 2001, pages 261-271
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
4th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Undecenoyl Serine/Silk Amino Acid Methyl Esters
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
5th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2-ethanediyl ester, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Exfoliant, Texture agent
6th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Synthetic Wax is a hydrocarbon wax derived generally through Fischer-Tropsch or ethylene polymerization processes.
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
7th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Hexadecyl 2-ethylhexanoate
Hydration
2 scientific references
- Engineering in Life Sciences, March 2019, pages 370-388
- International Journal of Toxicology, Nov-Dec 2015, pages 61S-73S
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Solvent
8th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Diisopropyl sebacate
Hydration
8 scientific references
- Supercharged Hydration
- How Hyaluronic Acid Benefits Skin
- What is Dehydrated Skin & How to Choose the Best Products
- What Your Moisturizer Must Contain
- Moisturizer Myths You Should Stop Believing Now
- The Benefits of Glycerin in Skin Care
- The Best Face Oils for Skin
- How Facial Oils Help Skin
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
9th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Alcohols, coco, mixed esters with octanoic and decanoic acids
-
Estimated level
- 1–5%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Occlusive, Solvent
10th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–5% of the formula.
Dibutyl adipate
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
11th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Hexadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester; Octyl palmitate
Hydration
5 scientific references
- Dermatology Clinics and Research, August 2019, pages 239-271
- Clinical Medicine and Research, December 2017, pages 75-87
- International Journal of Toxicology, Volume 34, Issue 2, Supplement, September 2015, pages 5S-69S
- Molecules, February 2015, pages 2, 492-2, 509
- British Journal of Dermatology, October 2010, pages 695-703
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
12th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
1,1,1,3,5,5,5-Heptamethyl-3-octyl-trisiloxane
Hydration
Silicone
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
13th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Vinyl Dimethicone/Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer
Silicone
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
14th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Fluorphlogopite, Mg3K[AlF2O(SiO3)3] (synthetic)
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
15th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Benzoic Acid, 2-[4-(Diethylamino)-2-Hydroxybenzoyl]-, Hexyl Ester
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter, Emollient, Solvent
16th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Dioctyl 2,6-Naphthalate
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
17th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Benzoic acid, 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino)tris-,tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester; octyl triazone
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
18th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Hydrocarbon waxes (petroleum), chemically neutralized. A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by a treating process to remove acidic materials. It consists predominantly of saturated straight chain hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through C50
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
19th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Silicones and siloxanes, dimethyl, ethenyl methyl, ethenyldimethylsilyl terminated
Silicone
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
20th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Polysilicone-15 is the siloxane polymer that conforms generally to the formula:
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Texture agent
21st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer with 1-eicosene
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter
22nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
2,2'-[6-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl]bis[5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-phenol]
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
23rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
Ceresin. A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the purification of ozocerite with sulfuric acid and filtration through bone black to form waxy cakes
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Solvent
24th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
2-Octyldodecan-1-ol
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- 1–3%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Soothing
25th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 1–3% of the formula.
(R*,R*)-.alpha.,4-dimethyl-.alpha.-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-methanol;
3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, alpha,4-dimethyl-alpha-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (theta,theta)-(+/-)-;
3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, alpha,4-dimethyl-alpha-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (S-(theta,theta))- (levomenol)
Soothing
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed May 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2019, pages 299-303
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2017, pages 24S-25S
- Cutis, November 2015, pages 337-342
- Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2014, pages 173-181
- Food and Chemical Toxicology, October 2011, pages 2580-2585
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Fragrance / colour
26th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Parfum is a term for ingredient labelling used to identify that a product contains a material or a combination of materials normally added to a cosmetic to produce or to mask a particular odour. According to Article 19 of the Cosmetics Regulation, 'Perfume and aromatic compositions and their raw materials shall be referred to by the terms ‘parfum’ or ‘aroma’. '
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
27th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Octane-1,2-diol
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant
28th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Octanoic acid, monoester with glycerol
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
29th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Silane, triethoxyoctyl-
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
30th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,2-Propanediol, 3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- PLoS One, October 2016, ePublication
- Contact Dermatitis, May 2016, pages 281-288
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2013, pages 5S-21S
- Personal Care, 2008, pages 1-4
- Cosmetic Science Technology, 2006, pages 1-11
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
31st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Echium Plantagineum Seed Oil is the fixed oil obtained from the seeds of the Echium plantagineum L., Boraginaceae
Anti-Aging
Hydration
5 scientific references
- Journal of Food Science, December 2021, pages 5, 307–5, 317; and February 2021, pages 411–419
- Antioxidants, October 2021, pages 1–23
- Frontiers in Pharmacology, May 2020, pages 1–17
- Colloids and Surfaces, April 2014, pages 88-92
- Food Chemistry, October 2012, pages 2, 057-2, 065
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
32nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil Unsaponifiables is the fraction of Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., Compositae, seed oil, which has not been transformed into soap during the process of saponification
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
33rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Cardiospermum Halicacabum Flower/Leaf/Vine Extract is an extract of the flowers, leaves and vine of Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Sapindaceae
Anti-Aging
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
34th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Aqua (EU),Deionized Water,Distilled Water,Micromatrix Fractile AN,Onsen-Sui (JPN),Purified Water
Hydration
3 scientific references
- Skin Research and Technology, May 2015, pages 131-136
- Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, November-December 1999, pages 344-351
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, September-October 1993, pages 249-262
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Texture agent, Solvent
35th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Butane-1,3-diol (CAS No. 107-88-0/ EC No. 203-529-7)
(R)-(-)-butane-1,3-diol” (CAS No. 6290-03-5/ EC No. 228-532-0)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- US Food and Drug Administration Code of Federal Regulations</em>, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2011, pages 5S-16S
- Skin Research and Technology, November 2007, pages 417-24
- Journal of the American College of Toxicology, September 1985, pages 223-248
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Texture agent
36th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Maltodextrin
Oil Control
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
37th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Protein hydrolyzates, vegetable. Substance obtained by acidic, alkaline, or enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed vegetables composed primarily of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. It may contain impurities consisting chiefly of carbohydrates and lipids along with smaller quantities of miscellaneous organic substances of biological origin
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
38th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Urea, (2-Hydroxyethyl)-
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Soothing, Surfactant, Plant extract
39th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Centella Asiatica Extract is the extract of the whole plant Hydrocotyl, Centella asiatica L., Apiaceae
Soothing
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Phytomedicine, April 2018, pages 110–119
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, August 2017, pages 311–315
- Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jan-Feb 2016, pages 27–33
- Postepy Dermatologii I, February 2013, pages 46–49
- Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010, pages 546–556
- Scientific Reports, June 2021, ePublication
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
40th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
pH adjuster
41st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glycine
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health, August 2020, pages 187-199
- Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2018, pages 5, 512-5, 527, ePublication
- PLoS ONE, February 2018, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, October 2009, pages 327-345
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant, Plant extract
42nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Polygonum Cuspidatum Root Extract is an extract of the roots of the Japanese Knotweed, Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonaceae
Anti-Aging
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Soothing, Plant extract
43rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract is an extract of the roots of the Scutellaria baicalensis, Lamiaceae
Anti-Aging
Evens Skin Tone
Soothing
5 scientific references
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, September 2019, pages 1, 353-1, 369
- PLoS One, February 2017, ePublication
- Science Bulletin Beijing, July 2016, pages 1, 391-1, 398
- Planta Medica, June 2013, pages 959-962
- The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, December 2011, pages 1, 613-1, 623
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Soothing, Plant extract
44th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract is an extract of the roots of the Licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Leguminosae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter, Humectant, Emollient, Occlusive, Antioxidant, Plant extract, Preservative
45th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is an extract of the leaves of the Tea, Camellia sinensis, Theaceae
Anti-Aging
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
46th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Aspartic acid
Hydration
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
47th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Leucine
Hydration
8 scientific references
- Supercharged Hydration
- How Hyaluronic Acid Benefits Skin
- What is Dehydrated Skin & How to Choose the Best Products
- What Your Moisturizer Must Contain
- Moisturizer Myths You Should Stop Believing Now
- The Benefits of Glycerin in Skin Care
- The Best Face Oils for Skin
- How Facial Oils Help Skin
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
48th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Chamomilla Recutita Flower Extract is an extract of the flowerheads of the matricaria, Chamomilla recutita (L.), Compositae
Anti-Aging
Soothing
8 scientific references
- 5 Super Anti-Aging Antioxidants Your Skin Needs
- How to Keep Your Neck & Chest Looking Young
- Acne & Aging Skin
- How to Diminish Uneven Skin Tone and Get Your Glow Back
- What Are Peptides and What Do They Do for Skin?
- The Truth About Firming Creams
- Top 5 Reasons to Add Antioxidants to Your Skin Care Routine
- Anti-Aging Superstars
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract, Preservative
49th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract is an extract of the leaves of the Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lamiaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
50th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Alanine
Anti-Aging
Hydration
5 scientific references
- Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health, August 2020, pages 187-199
- Current Medicinal Chemistry, December 2018, pages 5, 512-5, 527
- Marine Drugs, March 2018, ePublication
- PLoS ONE, February 2018, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2009, pages 327-345
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
51st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Lysine
Hydration
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
52nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Arginine
Hydration
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Biobased Surfactants (Second Edition), 2019, pages 413-445
- Scientific Reports, February 2016, pages 1-10
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, October 2012, pages 1-35
- Journal of Advanced Research, July 2010, pages 169–177
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, April 2005, page 139
- Wound Repair and Regeneration, November-December 2003, pages 419-423
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
53rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Plant extract
54th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Saccharomyces Ferment Filtrate is a filtrate of the product obtained by the fermentation of Saccharomyces
Anti-Aging
Hydration
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Plant extract
55th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Cryptomeria Japonica Leaf Extract is an extract of the Japanese Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica (L.), Taxodiaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
56th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Nelumbo Nucifera Leaf Extract is the extract of the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
57th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
3-Phenyl-L-alanine
Hydration
Anti-Aging
4 scientific references
- https://pubchemncbinlmnihgov/compound/Phenylalanine
- https://wwwsciencedirectcom/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/phenylalanine
- Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2018, pages 709-718
- British Journal of Dermatology, June 2012, pages 16-19
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
58th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, (S)-
Hydration
Anti-Aging
4 scientific references
- Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health, August 2020, pages 187-199
- Current Medicinal Chemistry, December 2018, pages 5, 512-5, 527
- PLoS ONE, February 2018, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2009, pages 327-345
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
59th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid
Hydration
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
60th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Isoleucine; DL-allo-Isoleucine; 2-Amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
61st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Histidine
Anti-Aging
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
62nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Cysteine
Hydration
8 scientific references
- Supercharged Hydration
- How Hyaluronic Acid Benefits Skin
- What is Dehydrated Skin & How to Choose the Best Products
- What Your Moisturizer Must Contain
- Moisturizer Myths You Should Stop Believing Now
- The Benefits of Glycerin in Skin Care
- The Best Face Oils for Skin
- How Facial Oils Help Skin
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
63rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
DL-methionine
Anti-Aging
Hydration
8 scientific references
- 5 Super Anti-Aging Antioxidants Your Skin Needs
- How to Keep Your Neck & Chest Looking Young
- Acne & Aging Skin
- How to Diminish Uneven Skin Tone and Get Your Glow Back
- What Are Peptides and What Do They Do for Skin?
- The Truth About Firming Creams
- Top 5 Reasons to Add Antioxidants to Your Skin Care Routine
- Anti-Aging Superstars