-
Estimated level
- 30–80%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
1st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 30–80% of the formula.
Aqua (EU),Deionized Water,Distilled Water,Micromatrix Fractile AN,Onsen-Sui (JPN),Purified Water
Hydration
3 scientific references
- Skin Research and Technology, May 2015, pages 131-136
- Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, November-December 1999, pages 344-351
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, September-October 1993, pages 249-262
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant, Texture agent
2nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
Stearic acid
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, May 2019, pages 1-61
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2008, page 310
- Therapeutics for the Clinician, May 2005, pages 317-324
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, December 2003, pages 559-568
-
Estimated level
- 5–20%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Exfoliant, Texture agent
3rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
Naturally occurring substances, kaolin (CI 77004)
Oil Control
Pore Minimizer
5 scientific references
- Molecules, August 2016, pages 1–20
- The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, December 2013, pages 19–27
- Complementary Medicine Research, April 2012, pages 75–79
- International Geology Review, July 2010, pages 745–770
- International Journal of Toxicology, 2003, pages 37–102
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant
4th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Dodecanoic acid
Hydration
Soothing
5 scientific references
- Dermatologic Therapy, July 2020, pages 1-4
- IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, June 2020, pages 1-6
- Biomaterials, October 2009, pages 6, 035-6, 040
- Journal of the American college of Toxicology, 1987, pages 1-81
- Tenside Surfactants Detergents, December 1976, pages 313-316
-
Estimated level
- 2–10%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — INCI order above the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant
5th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Tetradecanoic acid
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
pH adjuster
6th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Potassium hydroxide
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Texture agent, Solvent
7th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Butane-1,3-diol (CAS No. 107-88-0/ EC No. 203-529-7)
(R)-(-)-butane-1,3-diol” (CAS No. 6290-03-5/ EC No. 228-532-0)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- CosmeticsInfoorg, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- US Food and Drug Administration Code of Federal Regulations</em>, Accessed March 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2011, pages 5S-16S
- Skin Research and Technology, November 2007, pages 417-24
- Journal of the American College of Toxicology, September 1985, pages 223-248
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Occlusive, Texture agent, Solvent
8th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glycerine ;Glycerol (INN); Glycerol (RIFM); Glycerolum (EP); Glycyl Alcohol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane
Hydration
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, March 2021, pages 223-231
- International Journal of Toxicology, November/December 2019, Volume 38, Supplement 3, pages 6S-22S
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2016, ePublication
- British Journal of Dermatology, July 2008, pages 23-34
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, June 2007, pages 75-82
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, June 2003, pages 7, 360-7, 365
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant, Texture agent
9th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Betaines, coco alkyldimethyl
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Solvent
10th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter, Texture agent
11th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Titanium dioxide (CI 77891)
Anti-Aging
10 scientific references
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, February 2021, pages 532-537
- Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, June 2020
- Journal of Nanoparticle Research, March 2020
- Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, November 2019, pages 34-46
- Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, November 2019, pages 442-446
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, September 2019, pages 223-234
- Materials, July 2019, pages 1-24
- Photodermatology, Photoimmunology, and Photomedicine, April 2011, pages 58-67
- Skin Therapy Letter, July-August 2008, pages 5-7
- Environmental and Health Perspectives, July 2008, pages 893
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
12th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Beeswax, synthetic. The complex reaction product of blended acids and blended alcohols which simulates the composition of natural beeswax. It consists primarily of C18-30-alkyl ester of C16-32 fatty acids, C16-32 fatty acids and C22-34 alkanes
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Soothing
13th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Urea, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-
Soothing
8 scientific references
- Chemistry Series, March 2020, pages 7-21
- Molecules, June 2019, pages 1-33
- European Journal of Pharmacology, February 2018, pages 68-78
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, June 2017, Volume 76, Issue 2, Supplement 1
- Pharmacognosy Review, Volume 5, July-December 2011
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2010, Supplement, pages 84S-97S
- Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, October 2008, ePublication
- https://wwwaccessdatafdagov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearchcfm?CFRPart=347&showFR=1
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant, Texture agent
14th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ethylene distearate
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant
15th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
Hydration
3 scientific references
- Cosmeticsinfoorg, Accessed November 2021, ePublication
- Drugs in Context, April 2018, pages 1-14
- International Journal of Toxicology, May 2007, pages 1–30
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Exfoliant, Preservative
16th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Salicylic acid
Anti-Acne
Anti-Aging
Blackhead Reducing
10 scientific references
- Experimental Dermatology, July 2019, pages 786-794
- European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, June 2019, pages 1-70
- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, April 2018, pages 245-251
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, January-February 2017, pages 55-58
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, August 2015, pages 455-461
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, November 2010, pages 135-142
- Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, September 2008, pages 170-176
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, April 2007, pages 651-663
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, February 2000, pages 21-52
- Seminars in Dermatology, December 1990, pages 305-308
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
17th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Sodium chloride
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active
18th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (2R)-; dl-Panthenol
Hydration
Soothing
7 scientific references
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Accessed April 2021, ePublication
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science, December 2019, pages 534-547
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, January 2019, pages 346-354
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, March 2018, pages 1-51
- The Journal of Dermatological Treatment, August 2017, pages 173-180
- Journal of Cosmetic Science, August 2011, pages 361-370
- American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, Volume 3, 2002, pages 427-433
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant
19th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Bis(16-methylheptadecyl) malate
Hydration
8 scientific references
- Supercharged Hydration
- How Hyaluronic Acid Benefits Skin
- What is Dehydrated Skin & How to Choose the Best Products
- What Your Moisturizer Must Contain
- Moisturizer Myths You Should Stop Believing Now
- The Benefits of Glycerin in Skin Care
- The Best Face Oils for Skin
- How Facial Oils Help Skin
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
20th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Oryza Sativa Powder is the powder obtained by grinding the dried seeds of the Rice, Oryza sativa L., Poaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Exfoliant, Plant extract, Texture agent
21st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Oryza Sativa Extract is an extract of the grains of the Rice, Oryza sativa L., Poaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
22nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,2,3-Propanetriol, homopolymer, isooctadecanoates (1:1) (10 mol glycerol average molar ratio)
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent, Chelator
23rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
24th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Starch, hydrogen phosphate, 2-hydroxypropyl ether
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient, Surfactant
25th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Octanoic acid, monoester with glycerol
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
26th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ammonium glycyrrhizate
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
27th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Octane-1,2-diol
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant
28th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ethanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-,p-Hydroxyacetophenone
Anti-Aging
Hydration
4 scientific references
- Journal of Oleo Science, February 2019, pages 183-191
- Applied Environmental Microbiology, June 2018, ePublication
- Journal of Biosciences, May-June 2004, pages 345-353
- Scientific Reports, April 2021, pages 1–7
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
29th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil is the oil expressed from the seeds of Moringa oleifera, Moringaceae
Hydration
Anti-Aging
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
30th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Bentonite. A colloidal clay. Consists primarily of montmorillonite (CI 77004)
Oil Control
Blackhead Reducing
4 scientific references
- BMC Chemistry, September 2021, pages 1-11
- SN Applied Sciences, May 2019, pages 1-13
- Journal of pharmaceutical investigation, May 2016, pages 363–375
- International Journal of Toxicology, March 2003, pages 37-102
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Emollient, Occlusive, Texture agent
31st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Aluminium hydroxide
Oil Control
8 scientific references
- Oil-Absorbing Ingredients
- Help for Oily Skin
- Salicylic Acid for Skin
- How BHA Exfoliants Work
- Which BHA Exfoliant is Right for Me?
- Niacinamide Benefits: What Does Niacinamide Do for Skin?
- The Best Toners for Oily Skin
- The Best Moisturizers for Oily, Acne-Prone Skin
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
32nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,2-Propanediol, 3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)
Hydration
5 scientific references
- PLoS One, October 2016, ePublication
- Contact Dermatitis, May 2016, pages 281-288
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2013, pages 5S-21S
- Personal Care, 2008, pages 1-4
- Cosmetic Science Technology, 2006, pages 1-11
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Texture agent
33rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Silane, triethoxyoctyl-
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive
34th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2-ethanediyl ester, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Microplastic
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Chelator, pH adjuster
35th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active, Chelator
36th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
D-Glucono-1,5-lactone
Evens Skin Tone
Anti-Aging
Hydration
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
37th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Maris Limus
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
38th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Canadian Colloidal Clay is a colloidal green clay mined in western Canada that is composed chiefly of silicon, aluminium, iron, calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant
39th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Manicouagan Clay is a native marine clay obtained from the Manicouagan Peninsula in Quebec, Canada
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
40th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Oryza Sativa Bran Water is an aqueous solution of the steam distillate obtained from the bran of rice, Oryza sativa L., Poaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Exfoliant, Texture agent
41st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Clay mineral having an intermediate composition between montmorillonite and muscovite
Oil Control
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant
42nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glucose
Hydration
4 scientific references
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, March 2020, pages 1–13
- Foods, March 2019, pages 1–27
- Nature Medicine, May 2018, pages 617–627
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, September 2003, pages 1, 224–1, 228
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
43rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Silica, hydrated, compounds with poly(dimethylsiloxane)
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Exfoliant
44th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Bromelain is a mixture of enzymes found in pineapple juice
Smooths Bumpy Skin
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
45th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Cynanchum Atratum Extract is the extract of the whole plant Cynanchum atratum, Apocynaceae.
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Occlusive, Plant extract
46th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Diospyros Kaki Leaf Extract is an extract of the leaves of the Kaki, Diospyros kaki L., Ebenaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
47th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Vitis Vinifera Extract is an extract of the fruit of the Grape, Vitis Vinifera L., Vitaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
48th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Coffea Arabica Seed Extract is an extract of the beans of the Coffee plant, Coffea arabica L., Rubiaceae
Anti-Aging
1 scientific reference
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
49th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Carthamus Tinctorius Flower Extract is an extract of the flowers of the Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., Compositae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Antioxidant, Plant extract
50th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Polygonum Cuspidatum Root Extract is an extract of the roots of the Japanese Knotweed, Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonaceae
Anti-Aging
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
51st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Castanea Crenata Shell Extract is an extract of the shell of the chestnut, Castanea crenata, Fagaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
UV filter, Humectant, Emollient, Occlusive, Antioxidant, Plant extract, Preservative
52nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is an extract of the leaves of the Tea, Camellia sinensis, Theaceae
Anti-Aging
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
53rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Zanthoxylum Piperitum Extract is an extract of the fruit of the Prickly Ash, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Rutaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Surfactant
54th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Lecithins, hydrogenated
Hydration
4 scientific references
- International Journal of Toxicology, September 2020, pages 5S-25S
- Nanocosmetics, June 2019, pages 95–140
- Current Drug Delivery, 2016, pages 111–120
- Pharmaceutical Research, February 2013, pages 538–55
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Active
55th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hyaluronic acid, sodium, salt
Hydration
Anti-Aging
Soothing
5 scientific references
- Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und Verwandte Gebiete, December 2017, pages 987-993
- Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, July 2014, pages 277-287
- Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, October 2012, pages 20-23
- DermatoEndocrinology, July-December 2012, pages 253-258
- Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, September 2011, pages 990-1000
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Soothing, Surfactant, Plant extract
56th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Centella Asiatica Extract is the extract of the whole plant Hydrocotyl, Centella asiatica L., Apiaceae
Soothing
Anti-Aging
6 scientific references
- Phytomedicine, April 2018, pages 110–119
- Clinical, Cosmetic, and Investigational Dermatology, August 2017, pages 311–315
- Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jan-Feb 2016, pages 27–33
- Postepy Dermatologii I, February 2013, pages 46–49
- Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010, pages 546–556
- Scientific Reports, June 2021, ePublication
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
57th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Houttuynia Cordata Extract is an extract of the herb, Houttuynia cordata, Saururaceae
Anti-Aging
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
58th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Oenothera Biennis Flower Extract is an extract of the flowers of the Evening Primrose, Oenothera biennis, Onagraceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
59th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract is an extract of the needles of the Swamp Pine, Pinus palustris, Pinaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Humectant, Plant extract
60th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Pueraria Lobata Root Extract is an extract of the roots of Pueraria lobata, Fabacea
Anti-Aging
Evens Skin Tone
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
61st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is an extract of the root bark of the Elm, Ulmus davidiana, Ulmaceae
Anti-Aging
Hydration
Soothing
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Active
62nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ceramide NP,1,3,4-Octadecanetriol, 2-Octadecanamide,Stearoyl-C18-Phytosphingosine,Stearoyl-4-Hydroxysphinganine
Hydration
Anti-Aging
11 scientific references
- International Journal of Toxicology, 2020, pages 5S-25S
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, August 2019, pages 1-15
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2016, pages 135-147
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, October 2014, pages 2473-2483
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, July 2014, pages 177-184
- Journal of Lipid Research, July 2008, pages 1, 466-1, 476
- Journal of Lipid Research, September 2007, pages 1936-1943
- American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2003, pages 107-129
- Contact Dermatitis, June 2002, pages 331-338
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology, November 2001, pages 1, 126-1, 136
- Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, September-October 2001, pages 261-271
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Plant extract
63rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Extract is is an extract of the leaves of the Tea Tree, Melaleuca alternifolia, Myrtaceae
-
Estimated level
- under 1%
-
Confidence
- Moderate — listed below the 1% line
-
Roles
-
Emollient
64th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Sphingolipids, glycosides