1st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 30–80% of the formula.
Aqua (EU),Deionized Water,Distilled Water,Micromatrix Fractile AN,Onsen-Sui (JPN),Purified Water
NEOGEN
Dermalogy Double Vita Spot Toning Serum
face serum
NEOGEN
face serum
Added Last edited
Fit by skin type
General, ingredient-based — not your personalized match.
See how this fits your skin
Take the skin test and I'll show you how suitable this product is for you.
Take the skin testPowered by a Tranexin Nia C Liposome 25% formula, this brightening serum is designed to visibly improve dark spots, uneven tone, and dullness. A concentrated blend of tranexamic acid, niacinamide, and vitamin C derivatives works deep within the skin to target pigmentation and discoloration, while Yuzu and Lime extracts gently refine texture for a smoother, more radiant finish.
Dermalogy Double Vita Spot Toning Serum is a lightweight serum from NEOGEN. The formula is built mainly around hydration and soothing. The ingredient list runs to 68 ingredients, each broken down in full below.
By its ingredient list the formula reads as light: water and humectants lead, with emollients kept lower in the order. It contains both silicones and oils, a combination that usually finishes smooth and slightly satin and sits well under makeup. Hydration is handled by Propanediol, Glycerin and Butylene Glycol, humectants that pull water into the upper layers of skin rather than sealing it there.
Hydration: Very high. Ingredients that pull and hold water in the upper layers of skin, and here that comes from Propanediol, Glycerin, Butylene Glycol and Ethylhexylglycerin.
Soothing: High. Ingredients aimed at visible redness and reactivity, and here that comes from Isononyl Isononanoate, Allantoin, Benzyl Benzoate and Panthenol.
Brightening: Moderate. Ingredients that act on uneven tone and post-inflammatory marks, and here that comes from Niacinamide, Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate and Arbutin.
Barrier support: Moderate. Lipids and repair signals that support skin barrier integrity, and here that comes from Niacinamide, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Panthenol and Ceramide NP.
On richness alone it suits Balanced skin best, and is the least natural fit for Dry and Combination (dry) skin. Nothing in the list is flagged as a common irritant, which is a reasonable starting point for reactive skin — though a patch test is still the only way to know.
The formula contributes little or nothing on firmness signalling. That is not a fault — most products are not meant to do everything — but if one of those is your priority, this is not the product that will address it.
Reading the full list, the formula is no drying alcohol, paraben-free, microplastic-free, sulfate-free, dye-free and no animal-derived ingredients. Those claims come from the ingredient list itself, not from the packaging. It does contain fragrance and essential oils, worth knowing if your skin reacts to any of them.
It can be used morning and evening. In a routine it goes after toner, before moisturiser. Apply to clean, dry skin and give it a minute to absorb before the next layer. Introduce one new treatment at a time so you can identify what is working.
This summary is generated from the product's ingredient list. It is not a review, it is not the brand's own marketing claims, and it does not replace advice from a dermatologist.
Drawn purely from the ingredient list
Scored on how rich or light the formula reads from its INCI order.
No ingredient in this formula carries a common-irritant flag, making it a reasonable option for reactive skin. A patch test is still recommended, as individual skin reactivity varies.
Based on the curated benefits documented for this product's ingredients.
Boosts collagen and cell turnover to reduce fine lines and wrinkles
Attracts and locks in moisture to keep skin plump and dewy
Calms redness, irritation, and inflammation for sensitive skin
Brightens and balances complexion for a more uniform appearance
Fades hyperpigmentation and evens out dark spots over time
Tightens and refines the look of enlarged pores
Refines texture by gently exfoliating rough, uneven patches
None of the ingredients in this formula are associated with these benefits. This is not unusual, as most products are designed to target a limited number of concerns.
The actives, UV filters and benefit-carrying ingredients in this formula, in the order they are listed.
1st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 30–80% of the formula.
Aqua (EU),Deionized Water,Distilled Water,Micromatrix Fractile AN,Onsen-Sui (JPN),Purified Water
3rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
Decanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol octanoate; Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl
5th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
1,3-dihydroxypropane
6th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Niacinamide (vitamin B3) is a gentle skincare active that repairs the skin barrier, calms redness, controls oil and evens tone at 2–5%. Official IUPAC name: **3-Pyridinecarboxamide**
8th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glycerine ;Glycerol (INN); Glycerol (RIFM); Glycerolum (EP); Glycyl Alcohol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane
9th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Butane-1,3-diol (CAS No. 107-88-0/ EC No. 203-529-7) (R)-(-)-butane-1,3-diol” (CAS No. 6290-03-5/ EC No. 228-532-0)
16th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,2-Propanediol, 3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)
19th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Arginine
21st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Lecithins, hydrogenated
22nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Dimethylsiloxane, polymer, (((3-((2-aminoethyl)amino)propyl)-dimethoxysilyl)oxy)-terminated
23rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Urea, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-
28th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil is the oil extracted from the seeds of the meadowfoam plant, Limnanthes alba, Limnanthaceae.
Each axis is scored from the ingredients present and how high up the list they sit.
Ingredients that pull and hold water in the upper layers of skin
Lipids and repair signals that support skin barrier integrity
Ingredients that mop up free radicals from UV and pollution
Ingredients that moderate sebum or absorb shine
Ingredients that act on uneven tone and post-inflammatory marks
Ingredients aimed at visible redness and reactivity
Retinoids, acids and enzymes that speed surface turnover
Peptides and growth factors that signal for collagen support
"Active" here means an ingredient carrying a recorded active type or a recognised UV filter.
Solvents, emollients, texture agents and preservatives — the formula that carries the actives.
Read from the full ingredient list. A brand's own claim may differ.
Parfum, Limonene, Benzyl Benzoate, Linalool, Hexyl Cinnamal
Limonene, Benzyl Benzoate, Linalool, Hexyl Cinnamal
Diphenylsiloxy Phenyl Trimethicone, Amodimethicone
Limnanthes Alba Seed Oil, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil
Judged by the same curated rules our routine checker uses. It reads the ingredients, not the label.
Best kept to separate routines — one in the morning, one at night, or on alternate days.
Best kept to separate routines — one in the morning, one at night, or on alternate days.
Can be layered, but the combination raises the irritation risk. Go slowly.
Can be layered, but the combination raises the irritation risk. Go slowly.
Can be layered, but the combination raises the irritation risk. Go slowly.
Can be layered, but the combination raises the irritation risk. Go slowly.
This product is the "Treat" step.
Flags to check, not verdicts. None of this is medical advice — if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or treating a skin condition, ask a doctor.
Most ingredients do more than one job, so these counts add up to more than the 68 ingredients on the label.
Changes how skin behaves rather than how it feels
Draws water into the upper layers of skin
Sets the thickness, spread and stability of the formula
Botanical material, usually for antioxidants or scent
Dissolves and carries everything else
Neutralises free radicals from UV and pollution
Softens and smooths by filling gaps between skin cells
Forms a film that slows water loss
Lifts oil and dirt, or holds oil and water together
Changes how the product smells or looks
Sets the acidity the formula needs to work
Calms visible redness and irritation
Binds trace metals that would otherwise spoil the formula
Keeps the product free of microbial growth
Every ingredient on the label, in order, with what it does and roughly how much of it is likely to be there.
1st on the list, which puts it at an estimated 30–80% of the formula.
Aqua (EU),Deionized Water,Distilled Water,Micromatrix Fractile AN,Onsen-Sui (JPN),Purified Water
2nd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
Silicones and siloxanes, diphenyl, trimethylsilyloxy phenyl, trimethylsilyl terminated
3rd on the list, which puts it at an estimated 5–20% of the formula.
Decanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol octanoate; Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl
4th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
3,5,5-Trimethylhexyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate
5th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
1,3-dihydroxypropane
6th on the list, which puts it at an estimated 2–10% of the formula.
Niacinamide (vitamin B3) is a gentle skincare active that repairs the skin barrier, calms redness, controls oil and evens tone at 2–5%. Official IUPAC name: **3-Pyridinecarboxamide**
7th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
8th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glycerine ;Glycerol (INN); Glycerol (RIFM); Glycerolum (EP); Glycyl Alcohol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane
9th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Butane-1,3-diol (CAS No. 107-88-0/ EC No. 203-529-7) (R)-(-)-butane-1,3-diol” (CAS No. 6290-03-5/ EC No. 228-532-0)
10th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Castor oil, polymer with 5-isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane
11th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-carboxymethyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, C12-14-isoalkyl ethers, sodium salts (7 mol EO average molar ratio)
12th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
C10-30 alkyl propenoate, polymer with propenoic acid, butenoic acidand/or alkyl propenoates, product with propenyl sucrose ether or propenyl 2,2-dihydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
13th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,3-Propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
14th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Xanthan gum
15th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Parfum is a term for ingredient labelling used to identify that a product contains a material or a combination of materials normally added to a cosmetic to produce or to mask a particular odour. According to Article 19 of the Cosmetics Regulation, 'Perfume and aromatic compositions and their raw materials shall be referred to by the terms ‘parfum’ or ‘aroma’. '
16th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,2-Propanediol, 3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)
17th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl ether
18th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1-Methyl-4-Isopropenylcyclohexene; dipentene
19th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Arginine
20th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Propenoic acid, polymer with 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol 2-propenyl ether
21st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Lecithins, hydrogenated
22nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Dimethylsiloxane, polymer, (((3-((2-aminoethyl)amino)propyl)-dimethoxysilyl)oxy)-terminated
23rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Urea, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-
24th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Benzyl benzoate; Phenylmethyl benzoate
25th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1,2,3-Propanetriol, homopolymer, dodecanoates (1:1) (10 mol glycerol average molar ratio)
26th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
3,7-Dimethyl octa-1,6-diene-3-ol
27th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Phenylmethyleneoctanal; alpha-Hexylcinnamaldehyde; 2-Benzylideneoctanal; alpha-n-hexyl-beta-phenylacrolein
28th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil is the oil extracted from the seeds of the meadowfoam plant, Limnanthes alba, Limnanthaceae.
29th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Coptis Japonica Root Extract is an extract of the roots of Coptis japonica, Ranunculaceae
30th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid
31st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil is the fixed oil expressed or extracted from seeds of the desert shrub, Jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis, Buxaceae
32nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Acetic acid, hydroxy-
33rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-ascorbic acid, tetraisohexadecanoate
34th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (2R)-; dl-Panthenol
35th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Octane-1,2-diol
36th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
L-Ascorbic acid, 2-(dihydrogen phosphate), trisodium salt
37th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hyaluronic acid, sodium, salt
38th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Citrus Aurantifolia Fruit Extract is an extract of the fruit of the Lime, Citrus Aurantifolia, Rutaceae
39th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Centella Asiatica Extract is the extract of the whole plant Hydrocotyl, Centella asiatica L., Apiaceae
40th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract is an extract of the leaves of the aloe, Aloe barbadensis, Liliaceae
41st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Citrus Junos Fruit Extract is an extract of the fruits of Citrus junos, Rutaceae
42nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glycine, N-(N-L-.gamma.-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl)-
43rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
4-Hydroxyphenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
44th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)-, trans-
45th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Glucose
46th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
N-(1-Oxododecyl)-L-glutamic acid, phytosterols and 2-octyl-1-dodecanol ester
47th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2-(10-hydroxydecyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-
48th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Inulin Lauryl Carbamate is the product formed by the reaction of lauryl isocyanate and Inulin
49th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ceramide NP,1,3,4-Octadecanetriol, 2-Octadecanamide,Stearoyl-C18-Phytosphingosine,Stearoyl-4-Hydroxysphinganine
50th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Chondrus Crispus Extract is an extract of the carrageenan, Chondrus crispus, Gigartinaceae
51st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is the hydrolysate of Hyaluronic Acid derived by acid, enzyme or other method of hydrolysis
52nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hyaluronic acid
53rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Sodium Acetylhyaluronate
54th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hyaluronic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)propyl chloride derivatives
55th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hyaluronic acid, sodium salt, polymer with 1,1'-sulfonylbis[ethene]
56th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hyaluronic acid, potassium salt
57th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate is the hydrolysate of Sodium Hyaluronate derived by acid, enzyme or other method of hydrolysis
58th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Ascorbic acid
59th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, [3aS-(3a.alpha.,4.beta.,6a.alpha.)]-
60th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-; vitamine B6
61st on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Folic acid
62nd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Extract is is an extract of the leaves of the Tea Tree, Melaleuca alternifolia, Myrtaceae
63rd on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Cyanocobalamin; Vitamine B12
64th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-benzopyran-6-ol; .alpha.-tocopherol; Vitamin E
65th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Riboflavin
66th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
Thiazolium, 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-, chloride, monohydrochloride
67th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (9Z, 12Z)-
68th on the list, below the 1% line — present at under 1%, which for most ingredients is the level they work at.
.beta.,.beta.-carotene
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WATER, DIPHENYLSILOXY PHENYL TRIMETHICONE, CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, ISONONYL ISONONANOATE, PROPANEDIOL, NIACINAMIDE, 1,2-HEXANEDIOL, GLYCERIN, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, CASTOR OIL/IPDI COPOLYMER, SODIUM C12-14 SEC-PARETH-8 CARBOXYLATE, ACRYLATES/C10-30 ALKYL ACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER, TROMETHAMINE, XANTHAN GUM, PARFUM, ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE, LIMONENE, ARGININE, CARBOMER, HYDROGENATED LECITHIN, AMODIMETHICONE, ALLANTOIN, BENZYL BENZOATE, POLYGLYCERYL-10 LAURATE, LINALOOL, HEXYL CINNAMAL, LIMNANTHES ALBA SEED OIL, COPTIS JAPONICA ROOT EXTRACT, CITRIC ACID, SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED OIL, GLYCOLIC ACID, ASCORBYL TETRAISOPALMITATE, PANTHENOL, CAPRYLYL GLYCOL, SODIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE, SODIUM HYALURONATE, CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA FRUIT EXTRACT, CENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACT, ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF EXTRACT, CITRUS JUNOS FRUIT EXTRACT, GLUTATHIONE, ARBUTIN, TRANEXAMIC ACID, GLUCOSE, PHYTOSTERYL/OCTYLDODECYL LAUROYL GLUTAMATE, HYDROXYDECYL UBIQUINONE, INULIN LAURYL CARBAMATE, CERAMIDE NP, CHONDRUS CRISPUS EXTRACT, HYDROLYZED HYALURONIC ACID, HYALURONIC ACID, SODIUM ACETYLATED HYALURONATE, HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM HYALURONATE, SODIUM HYALURONATE CROSSPOLYMER, POTASSIUM HYALURONATE, HYDROLYZED SODIUM HYALURONATE, ASCORBIC ACID, BIOTIN, PYRIDOXINE, FOLIC ACID, MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA LEAF EXTRACT, CYANOCOBALAMIN, TOCOPHEROL, RIBOFLAVIN, THIAMINE HCL, LINOLEIC ACID, BETA-CAROTENE.
NIACINAMIDE, CITRIC ACID, GLYCOLIC ACID, ASCORBYL TETRAISOPALMITATE, PANTHENOL, SODIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE, SODIUM HYALURONATE, CERAMIDE NP, HYDROLYZED HYALURONIC ACID, HYALURONIC ACID, SODIUM ACETYLATED HYALURONATE, SODIUM HYALURONATE CROSSPOLYMER, POTASSIUM HYALURONATE, ASCORBIC ACID.
Pump an appropriate amount and spread evenly over the entire face, then gently massage to absorb.
Judged on how rich the formula reads from its ingredient list, it suits Balanced skin best. It is the least natural fit for Dry, Combination (dry) skin.
No ingredient in this formula carries a common-irritant flag, making it a reasonable option for reactive skin. A patch test is still recommended, as individual skin reactivity varies.
4 ingredients could feed malassezia: Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate, Limnanthes Alba Seed Oil, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil, Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate. That describes the yeast's food supply, not a prediction that they will cause a breakout.
It contains Arbutin, which are usually reviewed with a doctor during pregnancy. Ask your doctor or midwife before using it.
No — it contains Parfum, Limonene, Benzyl Benzoate, Linalool, Hexyl Cinnamal.
No. Reading the full ingredient list, this formula is no drying alcohol.
No — it contains Diphenylsiloxy Phenyl Trimethicone, Amodimethicone.
Yes — it contains Limonene, Benzyl Benzoate, Linalool, Hexyl Cinnamal.
Yes. Reading the full ingredient list, this formula is paraben-free.
It layers well with Azelaic acid, Copper peptides, Bakuchiol, Niacinamide, Hyaluronic acid, Ceramides. Take more care combining it with Retinoids (retinol, retinal), Benzoyl peroxide, Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid), AHAs (glycolic, lactic), BHA (salicylic acid), PHAs (gluconolactone) — use them in separate routines or on alternate days.
Use it morning and evening, after toner, before moisturiser.
It lists 68 ingredients, of which 14 are recorded as actives.
NEOGEN.
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